Chapter 1: How careful must a repair be on a cottage whose roof timbers date from the 1380s?
What we find
Cruck Cottage shows how old the frames here can be, with oak timbers dated to 1383 and 1384. An old oak roof is not built like a modern one. Rafters may be irregular, laths may be split oak, and the roof has moved with the frame for centuries, so the tiles sit in gentle waves and are rarely flat to a straight edge.
The danger on such a roof is not age as such but water. A slipped tile that lets rain through for several winters wets the oak, and soft rot starts at the point where a timber meets the wall. Brown stains on a ceiling, a damp smell in the roof space, or a patch of green on the inside face of a gable are signs worth acting on early.
What we fix
We begin by looking from inside, with a torch and a moisture meter, before anyone steps on the tiles. Many problems here can be mended from the outside by lifting a small area, replacing the damaged laths, and putting the same tiles back in their original courses. Tiles that have broken are replaced with reclaimed ones that suit the colour and the curve.
We avoid piling new weight onto an old frame, and we do not seal the roof tight with modern membranes that stop it breathing. Any timber that has gone soft is reported to you with photographs, before decisions are made about cutting it out. Because the building is probably listed, the consent question comes first, and our survey pictures give the conservation officer something concrete to look at.