Chapter 1: Why are hand-made clay tiles flaking and slipping on our Dummer cottage?
What we find
Old clay tiles are fired to a softer, more porous finish than modern ones. They soak up water, and when a hard frost follows, the water in the face expands and flakes off a layer, which roofers call spalling. Tiles on the shaded slope go first, because they stay wet longest. Underneath, the tile is held by a nib (a small lug that hooks over the batten) and often by a single peg or nail. If either has rotted or rusted, the tile creeps down the slope.
The signs from the garden are tiles with rough, crumbly faces, orange grit in the gutter, and a lower row that has dropped a few centimetres below its neighbours. Inside, a bright pinprick of daylight in the loft shows where a tile has cracked right through, and the underlay beneath may be old enough to have gone brittle.
What we fix
On a roof like this, repair usually beats replacement. We strip back only the damaged area, set aside every tile that is still sound, and make up the numbers with reclaimed or hand-made tiles chosen to match the colour and the slight curve of the originals. New battens go in where the old ones have rotted, and the tiles are fixed with stainless clips or nails, not hung on whatever is left.
Where tile faces are flaking across a whole slope, we show you the photographs and explain what a re-cover would involve before you decide. A typical UK range for a whole new roof on a concrete-tiled three-bedroom semi is £6,500 to £10,500, though a clay or older cottage roof is priced from its own survey, not from that table. Our guide to flaking clay tiles explains the fault in more depth.